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Binding Chaos
Knowledge

Billion

Updated August 5, 2026

A billion is a million million (bi + million), but the US changed it to mean a thousand million so that they could have 'billionaires'. The two definitions are now known as the short scale and long scale definitions. This is a classic example of reality manipulation to serve an exceptional myth and endo-identity created from magical words subject to the whim of the endo-ideal.

Expanded explanation

The entry looks like a note on numbers and is really a worked example of how the powerful rewrite plain facts to suit themselves. By its own construction a billion is a million million, bi plus million, which is the long-scale meaning still used across much of the world. The short-scale billion, a thousand million, is the redefinition Marsh attributes to US usage, and she reads the motive pointedly: a smaller billion manufactures billionaires who would not exist under the older count. For Marsh this is a small, clear case of reality manipulation, changing what a word means to serve an exceptional myth, the story a group tells to justify its own elevation, with the number bent to the whim of the endo-ideal. The lesson generalises: if a mere number can be redefined to flatter the powerful, so can weightier words.

In Heather Marsh’s words

Marsh reads the redefinition as reality manipulation in service of a myth.

“reality manipulation to serve an exceptional myth and endo-identity created from magical words subject to the whim of the endo-ideal”

Abstracting Divinity

Examples

Billionaires by redefinition
Shrinking a billion from a million million to a thousand million manufactures a class of billionaires that the older count would not produce.
A number bent to a myth
That a plain quantity can be redefined to flatter the powerful is Marsh's small, clear case of reality manipulation.

How others use it

The short-scale and long-scale systems are a real and documented divergence: most English-speaking countries now use the short scale, a billion as a thousand million, while some other languages and older usage keep the long scale, a billion as a million million. The history is more tangled than a single US decision, but Marsh's use of the example is rhetorical rather than lexicographic, illustrating how definitions serve power.

Sources

Defined in the Binding Chaos series glossary, within the reality-manipulation material of Abstracting Divinity.

Recommended reading path

Then read in full: Abstracting Divinity.

A suggested order for exploring this corner of the theory.